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NIGERIA.TXV
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TITLE: NIGERIA HUMAN RIGHTS PRACTICES, 1994
AUTHOR: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE
DATE: FEBRUARY 1995
Primary education is compulsory, though rarely enforced, and
recent studies showed declining enrollment due mainly to the
continuing deterioration of public schools. This lack of
sufficient primary school infrastructure has ended some
families' access to education, forcing them to place their
children on the employment market. The ILO and the U.N.
Children's Fund, in consultation with the NLC, have concluded
that child labor, while not yet endemic, is increasing and
could become a serious problem (see Section 5).
e. Acceptable Conditions of Work
The 1974 Labor Decree sets a minimum wage, which is reviewed on
an ad hoc basis. The last review in 1991 was undertaken by a
tripartite group consisting of representatives of the NLC, the
Nigeria Employers' Consultative Association, and the Ministry
of Labor. It raised the monthly minimum wage from 250 naira to
450 naira per month, but the rapid fall in the true market rate
of the naira (down to approximately 100 to the dollar by year's
end), rendered the legislation essentially meaningless. The
minimum wage as currently stipulated does not keep pace with
inflation and does not provide a decent living for a worker and
family. The deteriorating economy, coupled with a high
inflation rate, has reduced the buying power of workers,
leading to a marked decline in their standard of living. The
high inflation rate is a frequent cause of strikes demanding
large wage increases.
The 1974 Labor Decree also establishes a 40-hour workweek,
prescribes 2 to 4 weeks of annual leave, and stipulates that
workers are to be paid extra for hours worked over the legal
limit. The Decree also states that workers who work on Sundays
and statutory public holidays must be paid a full day's pay in
addition to their normal wages. There is no law prohibiting
excessive compulsory overtime.
The 1974 Decree contains general health and safety provisions,
some aimed specifically at young or female workers. Employers
must compensate injured workers and dependent survivors of
those killed in industrial accidents. The Labor Decree does
not provide workers the legal right to excuse themselves from
dangerous work situations without loss of employment. The
Labor Ministry, which is charged with enforcement of these
laws, has been largely ineffective, and violations are common
and go largely unpunished. The Government has failed to act on
various ILO recommendations since 1991 to update its moribund
inspection and accident-reporting program.